You Don’t Learn Languages Like a Child – Start Learning Grammar and Vocabulary
Do you know what is the biggest BS statement on the Internet concerning language learning? "You should learn languages like a child". Ok, maybe not the worst, but certainly right up there in the top ten. I hate it. I always feel like shooting kittens whenever I hear it.
You see, there are two kinds of stupid advice - harmful and harmless. Harmless advice is, well, harmless. If somebody suggests you to wash your car with milk to make it look glossy and shining, nothing bad will really happen.
Ok, you might find your car covered with ants and cockroaches in the morning. But nothing really THAT bad. However, the harmful advice will make you lose (besides health!) the most important and non-renewable resource you possess - time. You can always make more money. But you can't recover the lost time.
"Learn like a child" advice does exactly that. It makes you lose the unthinkable amount of time.
"But Bartosz, why do you think that it's actually a bad piece of advice?". Good question, voice no 3 in my head. I rush to explain.
Behind every phrase, saying and a piece of advice there is some assumption. Or even a few of them.
At the first glance, they might seem logical. You have to dig deeper to uncover the truth.
Let's deconstruct all the assumptions behind this terrible piece of advice.
1. You have as much time as children
Average child needs at least a few years of his life to start producing any complex (?) sentences. And last time I checked kids don't have to pay any bills. Nor do they have to go to school when they are two. Hey, they don't even have to wipe themselves! They just sit and listen. That's their only entertainment.
So is your life situation comparable in any way to this ideal?
2. You can fully immerse yourself in a foreign language
Bad news. It's not going to happen. Unless you're willing to move abroad, of course.
3. Your brain is similar to the one of a child
I could quote dozens of scientific papers here. But there is no need. You already know that your brain is nothing like the one of a child. The latter is a clean slate. Yours is like a graffiti-covered wall. The first one absorbs hyper-actively anything on its path. Our adult brains are pickier not as willing to take in the new information.
Here is some foretaste of the processes taking place in a child's brain (original article can be found here).
Between conception and age three, a child’s brain undergoes an impressive amount of change. At birth, it already has about all the neurons it will ever have. It doubles in size in the first year, and by age three it has reached 80 percent of its adult volume.
Even more importantly, synapses are formed at a faster rate during these years than at any other time. In fact, the brain creates many more of them than it needs: at age two or three, the brain has up to twice as many synapses as it will have in adulthood.
And most importantly:
(Their) genes allow the brain to fine-tune itself according to the input it receives from the environment. The earliest messages that the brain receives have an enormous impact.
4. First and second language acquisition is basically the same thing
Adults are further advanced when it comes to cognitive development. What's more, they have already acquired their first language. It gives them the advantage of having the pre-existing knowledge!
All these factors influence the cognitive structures in the brain and make the process of second language acquisition fundamentally different from the ones occurring when you learn a mother tongue.
Learn The Most Important Grammar Rules
Here is a fascinating excerpt taken from David Gelernter in Mirror Worlds: or the Day Software Puts the Universe in a Shoebox…How It Will Happen and What It Will Mean. (as found on Farnam Street).
In your mind particulars turn into generalities gradually, imperceptibly—like snow at the bottom of a drift turning into ice. If you don’t know any general rules, if you’ve merely experienced something once, then that once will have to do. You may remember one example, or a collection of particular examples, or a general rule. These states blend together: When you’ve mastered the rule, you can still recall some individual experiences if you need to.
Particularities turn into generalities gradually. Gradually means slow. Slow, of course, isn't a negative term.
But I don't see any reason why I should wait one year before speaking some language at the communicative level. That's why it is always better to start with generalities, i.e. with the most important grammar rules.
I actually don't claim that you have to learn grammar at all. You might choose to wait until the language "sinks in". But I can promise you this. It will take you a long, long time. Even longer if this is your first foreign language. In fact, it might take so long that you will give up.
I believe that the pace of our progress is one of our biggest sources of motivation. Think about it. How many times have you continued to do something despite the lack of progress? Few of us are persistent enough to pursue activities which don't bring any effects.
Why Adults Learn Better
As I've written before, adults have pre-existing language knowledge. Children have to learn the mechanics of their mother tongue, while as adults have a more developed grasp of how language works. After all, almost all of us know what conjugations or adjectives are. What's more, adults are outstanding pattern finding machines - it's much easier for us to deduce and apply language rules!
To sum up - as adults, we can learn really fast. But as I've said many times, it all depends on how hard you're willing to work. If you believe that watching TV series, reading comic books or just passive listening will make you fluent then... keep on dreaming. I know it sounds harsh. But it's always better to be mentally prepared to tackle challenges than to hope that "it all will be good".
Learning requires the effort. There is no way around it.
Brain wants more? Read this:
Increase Vocabulary Size Considerably by Using The Word Substitution Technique- Pictures and Images in Flashcards – Are They Even Useful?
- Want To Sound Natural In Foreign Languages? Create Your Own Feedback Loop Within One Minute
- How To Quickly Learn Declensions and Conjugations And Other Grammatical Abominations
- How To Learn Communicative Czech In 1 month – Results Of My Czech Mission
- How To Memorize Grammatical Gender With Use of Mnemonics
- How To Get Your Reading Practice Done While Increasing Your General Knowledge
- Setting Big Goals In Language Learning: 5 Reasons Why You Should Try To Take On Crazy Learning Tasks
- 1 Great Tip On How To Find Lyrics In Your Target Language Of Almost Any Song
- Interleaved Practice – When and How to Use It to Maximize Your Learning Pace
I started learning French 1 year ago not passively, but actively reading, listening and trying to understand every sentence, structure, expression and had good results. And today when I went to study grammar I realized that I already knew most of the rules intuitively. at first it is not important grammar because we will not hear or talk thinking about grammar because we are paralyzed
Interesting observation! thank you very much for your comment 🙂
I see this post is a few years old. Do you still agree with the article? I have to say in my experience that I concur. I tried learning French (my native is English) via the ‘natural method’ with minimal grammar. But I gave up after ~40 days. Because, as your article mentioned, I saw far too little progress. However, when I started to learn Russian, I decided this time to start from the grammar first. After systematically going through the common grammar structures and how the language works generally, moving to a more ‘natural method’ was far, far more effective than starting with the natural method.
When time permitted, I went back to French using the same approach. Spend some months learning the grammar, then dive into natural learning methods. It worked fantastically for me.
Hi! Yep, it’s as valid as it was three years ago. Glad you concur and thank you for sharing!
Hi Bartosz, nice article!
I come from a country where the people can normally speak some languages (1st – regional, 2nd – national, 3rd – international, 4th – another foreign language). I agree that the life situation between adults and children is very different, yet we can still take some points of learning like a child. Some of the points are:
-Understanding language firstly as an audio thing, the written ones (symbols) come second. Many old people in my country can speak the language but cannot read/write because they don’t go to school. Even the Native Americans did not have any writings!
-Most inputs collected by children through listening. And then they try to speak it out witihout being afraid/shy of making errors (they always do mistakes in pronouncing words)
-High curiousity the children have, like asking what’s the name of things they don’t know right at that time they see it.
But yeah, don’t get too extreme to think that adults can learn language completely like children! One more thing, in fact we don’t know every single word even of our 1st language, try to open the complete dictionary to prove it. So, even now we’re still learning our 1st language which is a dynamic thing (new words and terms come up).
I definitely agree! Thank you for your comment ! 🙂
Dear Bartozs, thank you for an excellent article. You have hit the nail on the head. I am an English teacher and only breadwinner to my family. i can tell you that the section about paying bills and such resonated with me. There are times that there are just not always enough ‘time’ in the day to get things done 😉 unlike children that does have ‘more time’ than adults. Prioritization thus becomes essential…
Dear Therese, thank you for your comment! 🙂
You’re right, there is simply not enough time to waste our effort on ineffective strategies!
He has shown a chart showing the number of successful learners, who were using different methods.
I’m sorry but I still don’t see any contradiction here. Almost any learner who doesn’t give up will be successful to some degree. The only difference will be the amount of time spent to achieve a goal 🙂
Sorry, but it doesn’t sounds good. Is there any research which can prove your words? By the way I’ve learned English mostly by using a system which says “learn like a child”.
Here’s a video you should watch http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=d0yGdNEWdn0
Hi! I know this talk but there is not even one thing there that’s not consistent with what I’ve written here. Would you be so kind and point it out for me?
Saying that there is research is a harsh understatement. Second-language acquisition is a subdiscipline of applied linguistics 🙂
Please read some of this : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second-language_acquisition .
Thank you for your comment! 🙂
Hello, Bartosz,
Thank you for this very articulate disclosure of the popular myth. I do myself often hear this question from my students, and tell them the same things you’ve covered in the article connected with time, immersion and grammar rules. Basically, following this myth is just an excuse for laziness.
Thank you for your comment:) That’s very true – it’s just an excuse@
I will say, I do appreciate the fact that you pretty much break it down to brass tacks. Learning does require effort! Off to study irregular conjugations before bed… thanks for this.
Always happy to help! I do hope that your learning goes great! 🙂